The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the risks related to preventive maintenance (PM) in Varag Khodro Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari with a systematic and practical approach. This research is practical in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research included 25 managers, experts and specialists in the fields of maintenance and repairs, production and operation of Varag Khodro Company, from whom 12 people were selected as members of the expert panel through purposive sampling based on their level of expertise, work experience and familiarity with preventive maintenance processes. In the qualitative part of the research, the Delphi technique was used to identify, refine and finalize the risks affecting preventive maintenance.At this stage, using the opinions of experts and through several rounds of consensus, a set of initial risks were extracted and then screened to finally confirm 18 key risks in the human, technical, supply, organizational and infrastructure dimensions. These risks represent the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of PM programs in the industrial environment under study. In the quantitative part of the research, the SWARA method was used to determine the relative weight and priority of the identified risks. The ranking results showed that the lack of skilled and technical human resources, low or non-standard quality of consumable spare parts and interference in the timing of PM programs with production programs are considered to be the most important preventive maintenance risks in Varag Khodro Company, respectively