Implementing effective inspection in the administrative structure of municipalities is one of the key components for promoting transparency, accountability, and improving organizational performance. However, this process faces several challenges and obstacles that can affect its effectiveness. With the aim of identifying and analyzing these challenges, the present study has examined the structural, managerial, cultural, and legal factors affecting the inefficiency of the inspection system in municipalities. The present article has been conducted with a library approach and with the aim of systematically analyzing and categorizing the challenges and obstacles to implementing effective inspection in the administrative structure of municipalities. In this regard, by reviewing and analyzing scientific sources, supervisory reports, upstream documents, and previous studies, the most important obstacles have been identified in four structural, legal, managerial, and cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the weakness in the independence of supervisory institutions, the lack of transparent legal frameworks, the shortage of specialized human resources, managerial resistance to supervision, and the lack of a responsive organizational culture are among the main challenges. Finally, solutions are proposed to improve the administrative inspection system in municipalities, which can serve as the basis for future studies and reform of urban policies.