In today's dynamic and competitive work environments, the ability of organizations to learn from mistakes is recognized as one of the key factors for survival and continuous improvement. Organizational transparency, as one of the important dimensions of organizational culture, creates a context in which employees of the organization want organizational transparency in order to properly perform their duties and responsibilities. Because organizational transparency, by creating an open and inclusive environment in the organization, encourages managers and employees to share information about the organization's overall goals, strategies, values, and performance. On the other hand, employees' organizational self-esteem, i.e. the value that employees place on their membership in the organization, can play an important role in how they deal with mistakes and the extent to which they participate in organizational learning processes. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of organizational transparency in promoting learning from mistakes and explaining the mediating role of organizational self-esteem among employees of the mining and trade industry in Tehran province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive research with a survey approach in terms of method. Structural equation modeling and SPSS 24 and AMOS 25 software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this study was all employees of the Tehran mining and trade industry, 850 people, of whom 265 were selected as a statistical sample using the Morgan table. A standard questionnaire was used to collect information. The results show that the coefficient of the effect of organizational transparency on learning from mistakes is estimated to be 0.61, which indicates a positive and significant effect of organizational transparency on learning from mistakes. Also, the coefficient of the effect of organizational self-esteem as a mediator on the relationship between organizational transparency and learning from mistakes is estimated to be 0.23, which indicates a positive and significant effect of organizational self-esteem.