This study, with a library and review approach, addresses the role of financial literacy and its role in cost control in contracting projects of municipalities in Bushehr province. Considering the importance of financial management in construction projects and its direct impact on the success or failure of urban plans, the literature review shows that the financial literacy of managers and experts can be a determining factor in improving cost estimates, increasing accuracy in resource allocation, and reducing management errors. In this study, scientific sources including books, research articles, official reports of municipalities, and documents related to cost control systems have been analyzed. The results of the literature review indicate that improving financial literacy, especially in areas such as budget analysis, project financial evaluation, and economic risk identification, can increase the efficiency of cost control methods—including operational budgeting, earned value assessment, and continuous cost monitoring. Previous research also shows that weak financial literacy and lack of coherent monitoring mechanisms are the main factors behind cost deviations in municipal contracting projects. This study concludes that strengthening financial education and developing standard cost control frameworks can improve transparency and financial efficiency in construction projects in Bushehr municipalities.